Tandem synthetic HIV-1 peptide

ABSTRACT

Novel synthetic peptides are provided which are candidate vaccines against HIV-1 and which are useful in diagnostic application. The peptides comprise an amino acid sequence of a T-cell epitope of the gag protein of HIV-1, specifically p24E linked directly to an amino acid sequence of a B-cell epitope of the V3 loop protein of an HIV-1 isolate and containing the sequence GPGR, and/or the gp41 containing the sequence ELKDWA. Multimeric forms of the tandem synthetic peptides are provided.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/257,528 filed Jun. 9, 1994 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,639,854, which is continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 073,378 filed Jun. 9, 1993 now abandoned.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of immunology, and, in particular, is concerned with synthetic peptides containing T- and B-cell epitopes from human immunodeficiency virus proteins.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

AIDS is a disease which is the ultimate result of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Currently, there is no effective vaccine which can protect the human population from HIV infection, so the development of an efficacious HIV-vaccine is urgently required. Previously, HIV-1 particles exhaustively inactivated by chemical treatments, a vaccinia vector encoding the whole envelope protein (gp160) of HIV-1, and purified recombinant gp120 have been evaluated as candidate HIV vaccines. Although inactivated HIV-1 virus preparations elicited a T-cell-mediated Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in humans, and vaccinia/gp160 and gp120 recombinant vaccine candidates induced virus neutralizing antibodies, none of these immunogens has been shown to be an efficacious human HIV vaccine (ref. 1--the literature references referred to herein are listed at the end of the specification).

The inventors' interest in HIV vaccinology is to develop synthetic HIV-1 peptides for incorporation into vaccines and consider that the vaccinia HIV-1-recombinant subunit used in conjunction with these HIV-1 peptide vaccines may lead to the elicitation of more effective immune responses against HIV-1. To design synthetic HIV vaccine candidates, immunogenic viral B-cell neutralization epitopes (BE) containing a high degree of conserved sequence between viral isolates are linked to functional T-helper cell determinant(s) (THD) to elicit a strong and long lasting cross-protective antibody response. In addition, HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes may be included in the synthetic constructions to elicit cell-mediated immunity to HIV infection.

A specific and preferential spatial relationship between certain T- and B-cell epitopes may be necessary for tandem epitopes to be efficiently processed and thereby rendered immunogenic. Thus, it is important to identify the appropriate T- and B-cell epitope sequences in HIV-1 proteins and assemble them in the optimal configuration so that both T- and B- cell memory can be elicited effectively and antibodies of the desired specificity produced. THDs have been found not to be universal and are immunologically functional only when presented in association with the appropriate Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II antigens. There is a characteristic hierarchy of T-cell epitope dominance. To develop an effective synthetic AIDS vaccine, it is therefore important to utilize the most potent THD of the various HIV-1 gp160, gag, pol and other gene products. Recent studies have indicated that the gag gene products may play a crucial role in eliciting an immune response against HIV infection. Thus, clinical progression of AIDS is associated with a reduction of circulatory antibodies to the gag p24 protein and antibodies raised against an immunodominant gag p17 peptide are capable of inhibiting HIV-1 infection in vitro (refs. 2, 3).

In our published International Patent Application WO 90/13564, there are described the identification and characterization of a T-cell epitope of the core protein, p24E of HIV-1 and the construction of synthetic chimeric peptides comprising the amino acid sequence of the T-cell epitope linked to an amino acid sequence of a B-cell epitope of an envelope or core protein of HIV-1. By linking the B-cell epitopes to the T-cell epitopes, an immune response to the B-cell epitope was induced, whereas no such response was observed when the B-cell epitope was not so linked. Data are presented in such published application with respect to the p24 T-cell epitope, BE3 epitope, ENV epitope and V3A epitope, all derived from the HIV-1/LAV isolate, with and without linker sequences between the epitopes.

Specific constructs which are tested in the published WO specification are BE3 linked to the C-terminal end of p24E by direct coupling or to the N-terminal end of the p24E either by two proline residues or by direct coupling, ENV linked to the N-terminal end and linked to the C-terminal end of p24E in both cases by two proline residues, and V3A linked to the N-terminal end of p24 by two proline residues.

The V3A sequence tested in that publication (residues 308-327) of the variable loop of HIV-1 gp120 from HIV-1/LAV isolate was made immunogenic by linking the molecule to the N-terminus of p24E with a proline-proline linker.

It is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,925,784 (Crowl) to provide by recombinant means a fusion protein comprising amino acids 15 to 512 from the gag protein and 44 to 140 of the env protein of the LAV isolate of HIV-I (HTLV-III), i.e., a polypeptide or protein containing 1093 amino acids, considerably longer than any synthetic peptide, which do not exceed 150 amino acids in length and generally are not more than 50 amino acids long. Such large molecule fusion proteins are described as being useful in diagnostic applications and vaccine materials.

The envelope glycoprotein (env) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is highly variable between independent isolates and also sequential isolates from a single infected individual. The amino acid variability in env is concentrated into specific variable regions (mostly in the surface portion gp120 generated by the proteolytic maturation of the initial gp160 gene product), with other regions being less variable. However, the most variable regions often contain neutralizing epitopes so that the virus partially evades the host's immune response and establishes a persistent infection. This variability presents problems for diagnostic techniques based upon specific interactions, with separate or mixed reagents usually being employed to test samples for HIV-1. This variability also presents problems for any possible vaccine or immune therapy, since any suitable agent will have to give a response towards the many strains of HIV-1.

Thus, in generating an immune response in a host to a plurality of immunologically distinct HIV isolates, two problems exist. Firstly, any particular host in an outbred population will have a particular HLA haplotype and will thus differentially respond to a particular T-cell epitope. Secondly, antibodies may not recognize or neutralize a plurality of immunologically distinct HIV isolates and in particular HIV isolates that have been freshly harvested from patients as primary field isolates.

It would be advantageous to provide for the purposes of diagnosis, generation of immunological reagents, treatment and vaccination against HIV, synthetic peptides comprising T-cell epitopes to which a plurality of hosts will respond and B-cell epitopes from protein of different HIV isolates including primary field isolates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed towards the provision of synthetic peptides, specifically synthetic HIV-1 peptides, useful for mounting an immune response against infection by HIV or for detecting HIV infection, wherein the synthetic HIV-1 peptides comprise a T-helper determinant (T-cell epitope) of the HIV-1 core protein, particularly p24E of amino acid sequence GPKEPFRDYVDRFYK (SEQ ID NO: 2), and amino acid sequences corresponding to B-cell epitopes from HIV-1 proteins, specifically gp160, gag and pol proteins, vaccines against AIDS comprising at least one of such synthetic HIV-1 peptides and compositions, procedures and diagnostic kits for detecting HIV antigens using such synthetic HIV-1 peptides.

By the term "Synthetic Peptide" as used herein, there is meant the joining of a T-cell epitope containing amino acid sequence to a B-cell epitope containing amino acid sequence to form a synthetic T-B or B-T construct, using, for example, a peptide synthesis process, such as described in Example 1 below.

The prevalent HIV-1 strain found in the AIDS population of North America and Western Europe belongs to the HIV-1(MN) isolate. A synthetic HIV vaccine capable of protecting against this serotype, therefore, may contain p24E as THD and the neutralization epitopes of the HIV-1(MN) proteins as B-cell epitopes. Two regions or epitope clusters in the extracellular component of the HIV-1(MN) envelope protein, gp120, have been shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies against the virus. One of these regions is the third hypervariable (V3) loop encompassing the amino acid residues 301 to 335 of the gp120(MN) (Reference 4). Strain and group-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from individuals infected with the MN isolate were shown to recognize different core amino acid sequences at the crown region of the V3 loop (Reference 5).

The other epitope cluster of gp120 that elicits neutralizing antibodies is the CD4 binding site. Studies with monoclonal antibodies isolated from HIV-1 infected individuals and chimpanzees have indicated that the neutralization epitopes in the CD4 binding site are formed by noncontiguous amino acid residues from multiple sites of gp120.

Moreover, results on these two types of neutralizing antibodies have shown that the in vitro neutralization of a given dose of HIV-1 virus may be achieved by a much lower concentration of V3-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody than of one reacting against the CD4 binding site.

In the construction of synthetic peptides of the present invention, the inventors have chemically synthesized a panel of linear synthetic HIV-1(MN) peptides (shown in Table I below--the Tables appear at the end of the descriptive text) containing different flanking sequences adjacent to the highly conserved sequence (GPGR--SEQ ID NO: 1) at the crown region of the V3(MN) loop, linked either to the amino (N-) or carboxy (C-) terminus of the THD, p24E (GPKEPFRDYVDRFYK--SEQ ID NO: 2). In addition, the inventors have synthesized additional panels of linear synthetic peptides (as shown in Tables VI, VII, IX, X and XI below).

In addition, five tetrameric peptides as depicted in FIG. 1 in which B-cell epitope containing sequences were linked to the C-terminus of p24E, have been prepared and investigated, namely p24E-V3MN(MAP) containing the linear p24E-V3MN sequence; CLTB34(MAP), containing the linear CLTB-34 sequence; CLTB-36(MAP), containing the linear CLTB-36 sequence; CLTB-91(MAP), containing the linear CLTB-91 sequence; and VP-T-B(MAP), containing the linear VP sequence (see FIG. 1); each VP sequence comprising a hybrid V3 sequence of the residues 307 to 316 and 315 to 325 of HIV-1(MN) and HIV-1(BRU) isolates, respectively, linked to the C-terminus of p24E.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic peptide, which comprises at least one amino acid sequence comprising a T-cell epitope of the gag protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate linked at the N-terminal or C-terminal end thereof, to at least one amino acid sequence comprising a B-cell epitope of the V3 loop of the envelope protein of an HIV isolate, wherein, when located at said N-terminal end, the B-cell epitope containing sequence and the T-cell epitope containing sequence are directly coupled. Such synthetic peptides are novel and not disclosed in the aforementioned WO 90/13564.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic peptide, which comprises at least one amino acid sequence comprising a T-cell epitope of the gag protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate linked at the N-terminal or C-terminal end thereof, to at least one amino acid sequence comprising a B-cell epitope of the gp41 protein of an HIV isolate comprising the sequence X₁ LKDWX₂ wherein X₁ is E, A, G or Q and X₂ is A or T, particularly ELKDWA, (see reference 10) or a sequence capable of eliciting an HIV specific antiserum and recognizing the sequence X₁ LKDWX₂. Such synthetic peptides are novel and not disclosed in the aforementioned WO 90/13564.

A further aspect of the invention provides the synthetic peptide molecule, comprising a plurality of individual chimeric synthetic peptides linked to form a multimeric molecule, each said individual synthetic peptide comprising an amino acid comprising a T-cell epitope of a gag or envelope protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate linked to an amino acid sequence comprising a B-cell epitope of a gag or envelope protein of an HIV isolate. Such multimeric molecules are novel and not disclosed in the aforementioned WO 90/13564.

The invention further comprises antibodies specific to any of the synthetic peptides provided herein and nucleic acid sequences coding for a synthetic peptide as provided herein, which nucleic acid sequences may be incorporated into an expression vector.

The HIV isolate with which the present invention is concerned generally is an HIV-1 isolate. The amino acid sequences of the synthetic peptides comprising the sequences of the T-cell and B-cell epitope containing sequences may be those of a variety of HIV-1 isolates, including LAV, BRU, MN, SF2, RF, PRI, 1714, 2054, HXB2, Z6, BX08, IIIB and SC. Consensus sequences of different isolates also may be employed.

In the embodiment of the invention where the B-cell epitope-containing amino acid sequence is from the V3 loop protein, the amino acid sequence preferably comprises the sequence GX₁ GX₂ where X₁ is P or Z and X₂ is R, K or Q or a sequence capable of eliciting an HIV-specific antiserum and recognizing the sequence GX₁ GX₂, particularly the sequence GPGR. The B-cell epitope containing sequence may comprise a B-cell epitope containing V3 loop sequences from at least two different HIV-1 isolates and may comprise a consensus sequence of the V3 loop of at least two HIV-1 primary isolates.

In the various embodiments of the invention, the T-cell epitope containing amino acid sequence preferably comprises the sequence of a p24 protein, for example P24E, P24N, P24L, P24M and P24H, particularly P24E. The sequences of those peptides, which are highly conserved among HIV-1 isolates, are given below in Tables I and IX. Such sequences also include a portion, variation or mutant of any of the selected sequences which retains the T-cell properties of the selected sequence.

The amino acid sequence comprising the B-cell epitope may be directly coupled to the C-terminal amino acid of the amino acid sequence comprising the T-cell epitope.

The B-cell epitope containing sequence may be additionally linked to a further amino acid sequence containing an HIV T-cell epitope, which may be that of a gag or envelope protein of HIV. The B-cell epitope containing sequence also may be linked to a further amino acid sequence containing a B-cell epitope of HIV. B-cell epitopes of the gp41 protein and containing the X₁ LKDWX₂ sequence may be joined one to another or with amino acid sequences containing the B-cell epitope of the V3 loop.

The multimeric molecules provided herein may comprise a plurality of identical individual chimeric synthetic peptides and preferably comprise the synthetic peptides defined above.

The present invention further provides an immunogenic composition, comprising an immunoeffective amount of at least one synthetic peptide provided in accordance with the invention or at least one nucleic acid molecule encoding any one of the synthetic peptides, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier therefor. In addition, the present invention provides a method of immunizing a host, preferably a human host, comprising administering thereto an immunogenic composition as provided herein.

The immunogenic composition may comprise a plurality of ones of the synthetic peptides selected to provide an immune response to a plurality of immunologically-distinct HIV-1 isolates and preferably further selected to provide the immune response in a plurality of hosts differentially responsive to any particular T-cell epitope.

A particularly useful "cocktail" of peptides useful in the immunogenic composition comprises the peptides identified as CTLB-36, CTLB-91 and BX08 in the Tables below. This composition may further contain the peptide identified on MPK-2 in Table XI below.

The immunogenic composition may be formulated for mucosal or parenteral administration. The immunogenic composition may further comprise at least one other immunogenic or immunostimulating material, particularly an adjuvant, such as aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide.

The present invention also extends to diagnostic kits useful for detecting HIV specific antibodies in a test sample, the kit comprising:

(a) a surface;

(b) at least one peptide having an amino acid sequence epitopically specific for the HIV-specific antibodies immobilized on the surface and as provided herein;

(c) means for contacting the antibodies and the at least one immunobilized peptide to form a complex; and

(d) means for detecting the complex.

In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a diagnostic kit for detecting HIV antigen in a test sample, the kit comprising:

(a) a surface;

(b) an antibody epitopically specific and non-cross-reactive for distinct epitopes of the HIV antigen immobilized on the surface and raised to the peptides provided herein;

(c) means for contacting the antibodies and the HIV antigen to form a complex; and

(d) means for detecting the complex.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING

FIG. 1 shows the construction of tetrameric peptides which are capable of eliciting polyclonal antibody responses in mice and/or guinea pigs against HIV-1;

FIG. 2 contains a graphical representation of antibody responses in guinea pigs immunized with non-infectious, non-replicating HIV-1 (IIIB)-like particles followed by boosting with an HIV-1 peptide cocktail, as provided in an embodiment hereof; and

FIG. 3 contains a graphical representation of the reactivity of guinea pig antisera raised after priming with non-infectious, non-replicating HIV-1 (IIIB)-like particles and boosted with an HIV-1 peptide cocktail, as provided in an embodiment hereof.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention comprises peptides having amino acid sequence corresponding to antigenic determinants of the V3 loop linked to the N- or C-terminus of the highly conserved T-cell epitope, p24E, of HIV-1 core protein, p24 (as shown in Table I). These peptides can have, for example, the sequence RIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK (V3MN-p24E--SEQ ID NO: 10) and GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN (p24E-V3MN--SEQ ID NO: 9) corresponding to the amino acids 311-325 of the V3 (MN) loop printed in bold face (throughout this specification bolded sequences are the B-cell epitope-containing amino acid sequences, unless otherwise noted) linked to the N- and C-terminus of p24E (amino acids 291-305 of the HIV-1(MN) core protein, p24) as T-cell epitope containing amino acid sequences, respectively. These peptides also can have, for example, the sequence RKRIHIGPGRAFGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK (CLTB-32--SEQ ID NO: 13) and GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKRKRIHIGPGRAF (CLTB-28--SEQ ID NO: 12) corresponding to the amino acids 309-320 of the V3(MN) loop printed in bold face linked to the N- and C-terminus of p24E, respectively. These peptides also can have the sequences RKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK (CLTB-35--SEQ ID NO: 7) and GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN (CLTB-34--SEQ ID NO: 6) corresponding to the amino acids 309-325 of the V3 (MN) loop printed in bold face linked to the N- and C-terminus of p24E, respectively. The peptides can also have the sequence NKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK (CLTB-37--SEQ ID NO: 4) and GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNKRKRIHIGPGRA FYTTKN (CLTB-36--SEQ ID NO: 3) corresponding to the amino acids 307-325 of the V3 (MN) loop printed in bold face linked to the N- and C-terminus of p24E, respectively.

These peptides are capable of eliciting polyclonal HIV-specific antibody responses in mice, guinea pigs and monkeys (Tables III and IV).

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises multimeric molecules such as the tetrameric peptides (as disclosed in FIG. 1) capable of eliciting polyclonal antibody responses against HIV-1 in mice or guinea pigs (Table XIII). These multimeric molecules, can have, for example, four linear p24E-V3MN sequences (SEQ ID NO: 9) tetramerized using lysine branching peptide synthesis technology, hence designated p24E-V3MN(MAP--multi-antigenic peptide). These tetramers can also contain, for example, four lysine-branched CLTB-34 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 6), hence designated CLTB-34 (MAP). These tetramers can also contain, for example, four lysine-branched CLTB-36 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 3), hence designated CLTB-36 (MAP). These tetramers also may contain, for example, four lysine-branched CLTB-91 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 20) and hence designated CLTB-91 (MAP). These tetramers also can contain, for example, four lysine-branched VP-T-B linear sequence, GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSIRIQRGPGRAFYTTKN (SEQ ID NO: 15) comprising a hybrid V3 sequence, VP(NTRKSIRIQRGPGRAFYTTKN--SEQ ID NO: 16), linked to the C-terminus of p24E (SEQ ID NO: 2). The hybrid V3 sequence, VP, itself comprises amino acids 307-316 (NTRKSIRIQR--SEQ ID NO: 17) of the V3(BRU) loop printed in bold face linked via its C-terminal end to the N-terminal end of the amino acid sequence 315-325 (GPGRAFYTTKN--SEQ ID NO: 18) of the V3(MN) loop shown in bold face.

The novel immunogenic compositions of the present invention comprise peptides containing immunogenic T- and B-cell epitopes of HIV, prepared as peptides which link specific antigenic determinants from the extracellular envelope domain, gp120, gp41 and the core protein p24, of HIV-1. These compositions are useful for immunization to elicit HIV-specific humoral immune responses when administered to mammals as demonstrated in mice, guinea pigs and monkeys as seen by the data presented below in the Examples.

Synthesis of peptides

To design a synthetic peptide-based HIV immunogen, linear peptides containing sequences from the V3 loop and gp41 linked to either the N- or C-terminus of peptides containing T-cell epitopes were chemically synthesized using an automated ABI 430A solid-phase peptide synthesizer, as described in Example 1. Different combinations were formulated in Freund's adjuvant (FA) or aluminum phosphate (alum) to compare their ability to induce HIV-specific immune responses in mammals.

Five multimeric molecules, designated p24E-V3MN(MAP), CLTB34(MAP), CLTB-36(MAP), CLTB-91(MAP) and T-B-VP(MAP), formed by tetramerization using lysine branching peptide synthesis technology of the respective linear tandem epitopes, i.e. p24E-V3MN, CLTB-34, CLTB-36, CLTB-91 and VP-T-B also were prepared. Their ability to elicit HIV specific immune responses in mammals when administered in alum or FA was investigated.

Immunogenicity of the linear HIV peptides in mammals

The ability of the linear HIV peptides to elicit antibody responses in mammals was examined by immunizing mice, guinea pigs or monkeys with individual peptides emulsified in FA or adsorbed to alum. After four injections of 100 μg each by the subcutaneous route, IgG antibody responses were determined by peptide-specific EIA and by an in-vitro syncytia-blocking assay (Tables II, III, IV, V, XII).

The four different V3(MN) peptides, namely V3MN, CLTB-29, CLTB-55 and CLTB-56, containing the different sequences flanking the crown portion (GPGR) of the V3 (MN) loop but lacking the p24E sequence were either non-immunogenic or poorly immunogenic irrespective of whether they were injected in FA or aluminium phosphate (alum) (see Table III below). The carrier function of p24E to enhance the immunogenicity of these peptides was shown by studies performed with the respective synthetic HIV-1 peptides comprising a T-cell epitope and a B-cell epitope. Thus, the synthetic HIV-1 peptides in the T-B orientation elicited V3(MN)-specific antibody responses of much greater magnitude than the respective free V3 (MN) peptides or B-T counterparts (Table III). The results of these studies, therefore, showed that the orientation of the V3(MN) peptide with respect to p24E influenced the immunogenicity of the synthetic HIV-1 peptides of the present invention. A comparison of the respective anti-V3 peptide antibody titres measured in the murine and guinea pig antisera generated against the individual synthetic HIV-1 peptides, administered in either FA or aluminium phosphate (alum), revealed that CLTB-36 was the most immunogenic peptide in both guinea pigs and mice (Table III).

The immunogenicity of CLTB-36 was further demonstrated by the ability of this peptide when formulated in the adjuvant ISA 51 to elicit a strong peptide-specific antibody response in primates (Table IV) which antibodies were virus neutralizing. Significantly, both the murine and guinea pig antisera raised against CLTB-34 and CLTB-36 were able to cross-react against the V3 peptides of a variety of HIV-1 serotypes (Table V below).

The novel usage of p24E and a V3 sequence for the construction of immunogenic T-B peptides is further illustrated by the studies performed with three other chimeric peptides designated p24E-SP10 (A), CLTB-91, CLTB-84 and T1-SP10 (A) -MN (Table I). The results in Table III below showed that when administered in either FA or alum, p24E-SP10(A) with the sequence GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKCTRPNYNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTK (SEQ ID NO: 19), comprising the N-terminal end (CTRPNYNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTK--SEQ ID NO: 20) of the V3(MN) loop linked to the C-terminus of p24E was able to induce good titres of CLTB-56-specific antibodies in guinea pigs. p24E-SP10(A) formulated in alum similarly elicited a high anti-CLTB-56 antibody response in Balb/c (H-2^(d)). In constrast, T1-SP10(A)-MN, with the sequence KQIINMWQEVEKAMYACTRPNYNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTK--SEQ ID NO: 21), containing the same N-terminal end of the V3(MN) loop linked to the C-terminus of a T-cell epitope, T1 (KQIINMWQEVEKAMYA--SEQ ID NO: 22) reported in the literature (Ref. 4) was found to be poorly immunogenic in guinea pigs and Balb/c (H-2^(d)) mice. These data suggested that p24E served as a more effective carrier for the N-terminal sequence of the V3(MN) loop than T1. Moreover, T1 was found to mediate the enhancement of immunogenicity of CLTB-56. This result was shown by the high CLTB-56-specific antibody titres measured in the serum samples of guinea pigs immunized with the CLTB-91 peptide of the sequence, KQIINMWQEVEKAMYANKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN--SEQ ID NO: 23), comprising of CLTB-56 linked to the T-cell epitope T1 in FA or alum, and mice injected with CLTB-91 in alum. Since CLTB-91 differs from T1-SP10(A)-MN only in the V3(MN) sequences linked to the C-terminus of T1, these data show that CLTB-56 is a better B-cell epitope than the N-terminal end of V3 (MN) loop used in T1-SP10(A)-MN. Furthermore, CLTB-84 containing the CLTB-56 sequence linked to the C-terminus of another T-cell epitope, P24M comprising the sequence GHKARVLAEMSQVT (SEQ ID NO: 30) of p24, when administered in alum was also found to be highly immunogenic in guinea pigs (Table III).

Five other panels of HIV-1 synthetic peptides were produced. In the first panel of peptides shown in Table VI (SEQ ID NOS: 38 to 47), the V3 sequences of two different U.S. clinical HIV isolates, 1714 (NTRKRIHMGPGRAFYATGDIIG--SEQ ID NO: 48) and 2054 (NTRKGIHIGPGRAFYTGEIVGDIRQ--SEQ ID NO: 49), were linked to the C-terminus of p24E and T1 to form the p24E-1714 and T1-2054 respectively. In addition, the V3 consensus sequence, PRI(NTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTG--SEQ ID NO: 50), of the consensus of New York and Amsterdam isolates was linked to either p24E, T1 or p24M to form the respective T-B peptides of CLTB-PRI, T1-PRI and p24M-PRI. Furthermore, three other T-B peptides were constructed by linking p24E to the V3 sequences of LAI(NTRKSIRIQRGPGRAFYTIG--SEQ ID NO: 51), RF(NTRKSITKGPGRVIYATGQIIG--SEQ ID NO: 52) and a hybrid V3 sequence of MN and RF(NKRKRIHIGPGRVIYATGQIIG--SEQ ID NO: 53) to form the respective CLTB-V3B, CLTB-V3RF and CLTB-HB constructs.

A second panel of constructs are shown in Table VII (SEQ ID NOS: 54 to 68). The particular gp41 sequences used for their constructions share the neutralization epitope, ELDKWA (SEQ ID NO: 69), described in reference 6. The results in Table VIII showed that each of these peptides was recognized by the human neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 2F5 (Reference 6).

Table IX shows the third panel of peptides which were constructed (SEQ ID NOS: 70 to 84). The constructions involved the use of the CLTB-56 sequence for linking to either the N- or C-terminus of three different T-cell epitopes from gag namely P24N (QMREPRGSDIAGTTSTL--SEQ ID NO: 70), P24L (EEMMTACQGVGGPGHK--SEQ ID NO: 73) and P24M (GHKARVLAEAMSQVT--SEQ ID NO: 30 76) to form the B-T or T-B synthetic peptides respectively. Furthermore, the consensus sequence, PRI (NTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTG--SEQ ID NO: 50 80) of the New York and Amsterdam isolates was also linked to either the N- or C-terminus of the T-cell epitope, P24H (PIVQNIQGQMVHQAI--SEQ ID NO: 79) or T5 (VKYKVVKIEPLGVAP--SEQ ID NO: 82) to form the respective B-T or T-B peptides.

The fourth panel of peptides made are shown in Table X (SEQ ID NOS: 85 to 92). Peptides CLTB-102 and CLTB-105 were constructs containing a hybrid sequence of gp41 (ELLELDKWASLWNWF--SEQ ID NO: 93) and CLTB-56 linked to the C- and N-terminus of the T-helper epitope, p24E, respectively. CLTB-103 and CLTB-107 are peptides containing the CLTB-56 and the same gp41 sequence linked to the C- and N-terminus of P24E, respectively. For constructs CLTB-160 and CLTB-161, the V3 sequences from a consensus (LIP) of the London, India and Paris isolates, the V3 sequence (THAI) of a Thailand (HIV-1 virus and a consensus of the primary isolates found in New York and Amsterdam) were used to link to the C-terminus of the T-cell epitope, p24E and T1, respectively.

The fifth panel of peptides constructed is shown in Table XI (SEQ ID NOS: 94 to 97). The peptide, MPK-1, contains a copy of the gp41 neutralization epitope (ELDKWAS--SEQ ID NO: 98) linked via a GPG linker sequence at its N- and C-terminus to the T1 and p24E T-cell epitopes respectively. The construction of the peptide, MPK-2, was the same as MPK-1 except that the orientation of T1 and P24E were reversed. The constructions of MPK-3 and MPK-4 involved the use of two copies of the gp41 sequence ELDKWAS for making MPK-1 to link its N- or C-terminus to either T-1 and p24E, or p24E and T1, respectively.

Immunogenicity of HIV-1 peptide cocktail

The immunogenicity of a cocktail containing five peptides of the present invention was assessed in guinea pigs (Table II). These tandem peptides consisted of: CLTB-70, containing the V3 sequence of the HIV-1(SF2) isolate linked to the C-terminus of p24E; CLTB-72, containing the V3 sequence of HIV-1(IIIB) linked to the C-terminus of p24E; CLTB-74, containing the V3 sequence of HIV-1(RF) linked to the C-terminus of p24E; CLTB-76, containing the V3 sequence of HIV-1(Z6) linked to the C-terminus of p24E and p24E-GP41C, containing a gp41 sequence of HIV-1(BRU) linked to the C-terminus of p24E. The results shown in Table II show that animals immunized with the cocktail formulated in FA or alum elicited high antibody responses against each of the five tandem peptides.

Therefore, the above-described results show the ability of the peptide cocktail when adsorbed to alum to elicit strong antibody responses against the V3 loops of four different HIV-1 isolates (SF2, IIIB, RF and Z6) and a gp41 sequence of HIV-1(BRU).

An immunization schedule using another HIV-1 peptide cocktail consisting of CLTB-36, CLTB-91, CLTB-84 (shown in Table 1) and CLTB-70 (shown in Table II) and an HIV-1 self-assembled, non-replicating, non-infectious HIV-like particle (as described in WO 91/058564 published May 2, 1991) were also investigated. Results depicted in FIG. 2 show that guinea pigs previously immunized with the HIV-like particle emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant and boosted with the cocktail adsorbed to alum were found to elicit strong antibody responses against the CLTB-56 peptide. The virus neutralizing titre of the antisera against the MN isolate following the second booster injection with the cocktail was 1,091. Very significantly, the results depicted in FIG. 3 further show that the antisera collected from the animals post-second boost with the peptide cocktail demonstrated strong cross-reactivity against peptides containing V3 sequences of several laboratory grown viruses and primary clinical isolates.

Other peptide cocktails may comprise immunoeffective amounts of any of the disclosed peptides including a synthetic peptide, which comprises at least one amino acid sequence comprising a T-cell epitope of the gag protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate linked at the N-terminal or C-terminal end thereof, to at least one amino acid sequence comprising a B-cell epitope of the gp41 protein of an HIV isolate comprising the sequence X₁ LKDWX₂ wherein X₁ is E, A, G or Q and X₂ is A or T or a sequence capable of eliciting an HIV-specific antiserum and recognizing the sequence X₁ LKDWX₂ and in particular peptide MPK-2 (SEQ ID NO. 95, Table XI).

The functional activity of the antisera generated against the synthetic HIV-1 peptides was investigated by testing their ability to inhibit syncytia formation induced by the homologous HIV-1(MN) isolate. The murine antisera following immunization with the four V3 (MN) peptides containing only the B-cell epitope containing sequences, namely V3MN, CLTB-29, CLTB-55 and CLTB-56 administered in either FA or aluminium phosphate (alum), lacked syncytia-blocking activity (see Table XII below). Guinea pig antisera generated against CLTB-56 formulated in FA, but not aluminium phosphate (alum), were found to inhibit>90% syncytia inhibitory activity at a dilution of 1 in 10. The murine and guinea pig antisera raised against the B-T tandem synthetic peptides namely, V3MN-p24E, CLTB-32 and CLTB-35, in either FA or alum, which showed poor antibody titres reactive against the respective B-cell epitope containing peptides namely, V3MN, CLTB-29 and CLTB-55 were also found to lack syncytia-blocking activity. However, guinea pig antisera generated against CLTB-37 administered in FA or aluminium phosphate (alum), which contained a CLTB-56-specific antibody titre of 1 in 1,250 and 1 in 450, respectively, were both found to have syncytia-inhibition titres of 1 in 10. The results of the functional studies carried out with the antisera raised against the immunogenic T-B synthetic peptides revealed that both murine and guinea pig antisera raised against the T-B synthetic peptide, CLTB-36, in either FA or aluminium phosphate (alum) strongly inhibited syncytia-formation induced by the homologous (MN) virus. In addition, the antisera raised against CLTB-36 formulated in ISA 51 in cynomolgus monkeys were also found to have good neutralizing titres (278 and 430 in the two animals) against the MN isolate (see Table IV). The murine and guinea pig antisera generated against p24E-V3MN and CLTB-34 in FA containing higher titres of V3MN- and CLTB-55-specific antibodies than the respective antisera raised against the peptide in alum also were found to have effective syncytia-blocking activity. It was also observed that the animal species used for immunization affected the production of V3(MN)-specific functional antibodies. This effect was illustrated, for example, by the fact that, although the T-B tandem synthetic peptide CLTB-28 in FA induced the same titre of anti-CLTB-29 antibodies in mice and guinea pigs, only the antiserum raised in the latter had a high titre of syncytia-inhibition activity.

Immunogenicity of multimeric molecules in mammals

The ability of the multimeric molecules CLTB-36(MAP), CLTB-91(MAP), CLTB-34(MAP), p24E-V3MN (MAP) and VP-TB(MAP), (with their respective configurations illustrated in FIG. 1) to elicit antibody responses in mammals was examined by immunizing mice and guinea pigs with the molecules emulsified in FA or alum. After four doses each of 100 μg, IgG antibody responses were determined by peptide-specific ELISA and by an in vitro syncytia-blocking assay.

The results of the immunogenicity studies performed with the multimeric molecules in mice and/or guinea pigs are shown in Table XIII below. High titres of CLTB-56-specific peptide antibodies were generated in both mice and guinea pigs immunized with the tetramer CLTB-36 (MAP) in either FA or alum. CLTB-91(MAP) formulated in either FA or alum similarly induced high CLTB-56-specific antibody titres in these animals. The tetrameric T-B tandem synthetic peptide CLTB-34(MAP), p24E-V3MN(MAP) or VPTB(MAP), administered in FA also were capable of eliciting high titres of the respective CLTB-55, V3MN and VP-specific antibodies in guinea pigs. The murine and guinea pig antisera raised against CLTB-36(MAP) in either FA or alum strongly inhibited syncytia formation induced by the HIV-1(MN) virus (Table XIV below). The guinea pig antisera raised against the branched peptides CLTB-34(MAP) and VP-T-B(MAP) in FA similarly exhibited potent syncytia-blocking activity.

It is clearly apparent to one skilled in the art, that the various embodiments of the present invention have many applications in the fields of vaccination, diagnosis, treatment of HIV infections, and the generation of immunological reagents. A further non-limiting discussion of such uses is further presented below.

Vaccine Preparation and Use

It has been shown that a peptide in accordance with the invention can elicit an immune response. One possible use of the molecule is therefore as the basis of a potential vaccine against AIDS and AIDS related conditions. In a further aspect, the invention thus provides a vaccine against AIDS and AIDS related conditions, comprising a molecule in accordance with the invention.

Immunogenic compositions, suitable to be used as vaccines, may be prepared from immunogenic peptides as disclosed herein. The immunogenic composition elicits an immune response which produces antibodies that are opsonizing or antiviral. Should the vaccinated subject be challenged by HIV, the antibodies bind to the virus and thereby inactivate it.

Vaccines containing peptides are generally well known in the art, as exemplified by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,601,903; 4,599,231; 4,599,230; and 4,596,792. Vaccines may be prepared as injectables, as liquid solutions or emulsions. The peptides may be mixed with pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients which are compatible with the peptides. Excipients may include water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The vaccine may further contain auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, or adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of the vaccines. Methods of achieving adjuvant effect for the vaccine include the use of agents such as aluminum hydroxide or phosphate (alum), commonly used as 0.05 to 0.1 percent solution in phosphate bufffered saline. Vaccines may be administered parenterally, by injection subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Alternatively, other modes of administration including suppositories and oral formulations may be desirable. For suppositories, binders and carriers may include, for example, polyalkalene glycols or triglycerides. Oral formulations may include normally employed incipients such as, for example, pharmaceutical grades of saccharine, cellulose and magnesium carbonate. These compositions take the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, sustained release formulations or powders and contain 10-95% of the peptides.

The vaccines are administered in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, and in such amount as is therapeutically effective, protective and immunogenic. The quantity to be administered depends on the subject to be treated, including, for example, the capacity of the individual's immune system to synthesize antibodies, and to produce a cell-mediated immune response. Precise amounts of active ingredient required to be administered depend on the judgment of the practitioner. However, suitable dosage ranges are readily determinable by one skilled in the art and may be of the order of micrograms of the peptides. Suitable regimes for initial administration and booster doses are also variable, but may include an initial administration followed by subsequent administrations, for example, at least one pre-peptide immunization with a self-assembled, non-infectious, non-replicating HIV-like particle, such as described in WO 91/058564, assigned to the assignee hereof, followed by at least one secondary immunization with the peptides provided herein. The dosage of the vaccine may also depend on the route of administration and will vary according to the size of the host.

Nucleic acid molecules encoding the peptides of the present invention may also be used directly for immunization by administration of the nucleic acid molecules directly, for example by injection, or by first constructing a live vector, such as Salmonella, BCG, adenovirus, poxvirus, vaccinia or poliovirus, and administering the vector. A discussion of some live vectors that have been used to carry heterologous antigens to the immune system are discussed in, for example, O'Hagan 1992, (ref. 10). Processes for the direct injection of DNA into test subjects for genetic immunization are described in, for example, Ulmer et al, 1993, (ref. 11).

The use of the peptides provided herein in-vivo may require their modification since the peptides themselves may not have a sufficiently long serum and/or tissue half-life. For this purpose, the molecule of the invention may optionally be linked to a carrier molecule, possibly via chemical groups of amino acids of the conserved sequence or via additional amino acids added at the C- or N- terminus. Many suitable linkages are known, e.g., using the side chains of Tyr residues. Suitable carriers include, e.g., keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), serum albumin, purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), ovalbumin, non-protein carriers and many others.

In addition, it may be advantageous to modify the peptides in order to impose a conformational restraint upon it. This might be useful, for example, to mimic a naturally-occurring conformation of the peptide in the context of the native protein in order to optimize the effector immune responses that are elicited. Modified peptides are referred to herein as "analog" peptides. The term "analog" extends to any functional and/or structural equivalent of a peptide characterized by its increased stability and/or efficacy in-vivo or in-vitro in respect of the practice of the invention. The term "analog" also is used herein to extend to any amino acid derivative of the peptides as described herein.

Analogs of the peptides contemplated herein include, but are not limited to, modifications to side chains, and incorporation of unnatural amino acids and/or their derivatives, non-amino acid monomers and cross-linkers. Other methods which impose conformational constraint on the peptides or their analogs are also contemplated.

It will be apparent that the peptide of the invention can be modified in a variety of different ways without significantly affecting the functionally important immunogenic behaviour thereof. Possible modifications to the peptide sequence may include the following:

One or more individual amino acids can be substituted by amino acids having comparable or similar propertis, thus:

V may be substituted by I;

T may be substituted by S;

K may be substituted by R; and

L may be substituted by I, V or M.

One or more of the amino acids of peptides of the invention can be replaced by a "retro-inverso" amino acid, i.e., a bifunctional amine having a functional group corresponding to an amino acid, as discussed in WO 91/13909.

One or more amino acids can be deleted.

Structural analogs mimicking the 3-dimensional structure of the peptide can be used in place of the peptide itself.

Examples of side chain modifications contemplated by the present invention include modification of amino groups, such as by reductive alkylation by reaction with an aldehyde followed by reduction with NaBH₄ ; amidination with methylacetimidate; acylation with acetic anhydride; carbamoylation of amino groups with cyanate; trinitrobenzylation of amino groups with 2, 4, 6, trinitrobenzene sulfphonic acid (TNBS); acylation of amino groups with succinic anhydride and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride; and pyridoxylation of lysine with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate followed by reduction with NaBH₄.

The guanidino group of arginine residues may be modified by the formation of heterocyclic condensation products with reagents such as 2,3-butanedione, phenylglyoxal and glyoxal.

The carboxyl group may be modified by carbodiimide activation via O-acylisourea formation followed by subsequent derivatization, for example, to a corresponding amide.

Sulfhydryl groups may be modified by methods such as carboxymethylation with iodoacetic acid or iodoacetamide; performic acid oxidation to cysteic acid; formation of mixed disulphides with other thiol compounds; reaction with maleimide, maleic anhydride or other substituted maleimide; formation of mercurial derivatives using 4-chloromercuribenzoate, 4-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, phenylmercury chloride, 2-chloromercuric-4-nitrophenol and other mercurials; and carbamoylation with cyanate at alkaline pH.

Tryptophan residues may be modified by, for example, oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide or alkylation of the indole ring with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide or sulphenyl halides. Tryosine residues on the other hand, may be altered by nitration with tetranitromethane to form a 3-nitrotyrosine derivative.

Modification of the imidazole ring of a histidine residue may be accomplished by alkylation with iodoacetic acid derivatives or N-carbethoxylation with diethylpyrocarbonate.

Examples of incorporating unnatural amino acids and derivatives during peptide synthesis include, but are not limited to, use of norleucine, 4-amino butyric acid, 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, t-butyglycine, norvaline, phenylglycine, ornithine, sarcosine, 4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid, 2-thienylalanine, and/or D-isomers of amino acids.

Crosslinkers can be used, for example, to stabilize 3-dimensional conformations, using homo-bifunctional crosslinkers such as the bifunctional imido esters having (CH₂)_(n), spacer groups with n=1 to n=6, glutaraldehyde, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters and hetero-bifunctional reagents which usually contain an amino-reactive moiety such as N-hydroxysuccinimide and another group specific-reactive moiety such as maleimido or dithio (for SH) or carbodiimide (for COOH). In addition, peptides could be conformationally constrained by, for example, incorporation of α-methylamino acids, introduction of double bonds between adjacent C atoms of amino acids and the formation of cyclic peptides or analogs by introducing covalent bonds such as forming an amide bond between N and C termini, between two side chains or between a side chain and the N or C terminus.

The peptides of the invention or their analogs may occur as single length or as multiple tandem or non-tandem repeats. A single type of peptide or analog may form the repeats or the repeats may be composed of different molecules including suitable carrier molecules.

The immunogenicity of the peptides of the present invention may also be modulated by coupling to fatty acid moieties to produce lipidated peptides. Convenient fatty acid moieties include glycolipid analogs, N-palmityl-S-(2RS)-2,3-bis-(palmitoyloxy)propyl-cysteinyl-serine (PAM₃ Cys-Ser), N-palmityl-S- 2,3 bis (palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl- R!-cysteine (TPC) or a dipalmityl-lysine moiety.

The peptides may also be conjugated to a lipidated amino acid, such as an octadecyl ester of an aromatic acid, such as tyrosine, including actadecyl-tryrosine (OTH).

Molecules in accordance with the invention may further find use in the treatment (prophylactic or curative) of AIDS and related conditions, by acting either to displace the binding of the HIV virus to human or animal cells or by, disturbing the 3-dimensional organization of the virus.

A further aspect of the invention thus provides a method for the prophylaxis or treatment of AIDS or related conditions, comprising administering an effective amount of a peptide in accordance with the invention.

Immunoassays

The peptides of the present invention are useful as immunogens, as antigens in immunoassays including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), RIAs and other non-enzyme linked antibody binding assays, or procedures known in the art for the detection of anti-HIV antibodies. In ELISA assays, the peptides are immobilized onto a selected surface, for example a surface capable of binding peptides, such as the wells of a polystyrene microtitre plate. After washing to remove incompletely adsorbed peptides, a non-specific protein, such as a solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or casein, that is known to be antigenically neutral with regard to the test sample may be bound to the selected surface. This allows for blocking of non-specific adsorption sites on the immobilizing surface and thus decreases the background caused by non-specific bindings of antisera onto the surface.

In one diagnostic embodiment where it is desirable to identify antibodies that recognize a plurality of HIV isolates, a plurality of peptides of the present invention are immobilized onto the selected surface. Alternatively, when the B-cell epitope of a peptide of the present invention is highly conserved among various HIV isolates (for example, a B-cell epitope from gag or gp41) a single or a limited number of peptides may be immobilized. In a further diagnostic embodiment where it is desirable to specifically identify antibodies that recognize a single HIV isolate (for example, BRU, MN or SF2) a single peptide of the present invention may be immobilized. This further diagnostic embodiment has particular utility in the fields of medicine, clinical trials, law and forensic science where it may be critical to determine the particular HIV isolate that was responsible for the generation of antibodies.

Normally, the peptides are in the range of about 12 residues and up to about 14 to about 40 residues. It is understood that a mixture of peptides may be used either as an immunogen in, for example, a vaccine or as a diagnostic agent. There may be circumstances where a mixture of peptides from conserved regions and/or from the non-conserved regions are used to provide cross-isolate protection and/or diagnosis. In this instance, the mixture of peptide immunogens is commonly referred to as a "cocktail" preparation for use as an immunogenic composition or a diagnostic reagent.

The immobilizing surface is then contacted with a sample, such as clinical or biological materials to be tested, in a manner conducive to immune complex (antigen/antibody) formation. This may include diluting the sample with diluents such as solutions of BSA, bovine gamma globulin (BGG) and/or phosphate buffered saline (PBS)/Tween. The sample is then allowed to incubate for from about 2 to 4 hours, at temperatures such as of the order of about 25° to 37° C. Following incubation, the sample-contacted surface is washed to remove non-immunocomplexed material. The washing procedure may include washing with a solution such as PBS/Tween, or a borate buffer.

Following formation of specific immunocomplexes between the test sample and the bound peptides, and subsequent washing, the occurrence, and even amount, of immunocomplex formation may be determined by subjecting the immunocomplex to a second antibody having specificity for the first antibody. If the test sample is of human origin, the second antibody is an antibody having specificity for human immunoglobulins and in general IgG. To provide detecting means, the second antibody may have an associated activity, such as an enzymatic activity that will generate, for example, a colour development upon incubating with an appropriate chromogenic substrate. Quantification may then be achieved by measuring the degree of colour generation using, for example, a visible spectra spectrophotometer.

Other uses

Molecules which bind to the conserved sequence on which the invention is based, particularly antibodies, antibody-related molecules and structural analogs thereof, are also of possible use as agents in the treatment and diagnosis of AIDS and related conditions.

Variants of antibodies (including an antigen binding site), such as chimeric antibodies, humanized antibodies, veneered antibodies, and engineered antibodies which bind to the peptides of the present invention are included within the scope of the invention.

Antibodies and other molecules which bind to the peptides of the present invention can be used for therapeutic (prophylactic and curative) and diagnostic purposes in a number of different ways, incuding the following:

For passive immunization by suitable administration of antibodies, possibly humanized antibodies, to HIV patients.

To activate, complement or mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by use of antibodies of suitable subclass or isotype (possibly obtained by appropriate antibody engineering) to be capable of performing the desired function.

For targeted delivery of toxins or other agents, e.g., by use of immunotoxins comprising conjugates of antibody and a cytotoxic moiety, for binding directly or indirectly to a target conserved sequence of, for example, or gp120 or gp41.

For targeted delivery of highly immunogenic materials to the surface of HIV-infected cells, leading to possible ablation of such cells by either the humoral or cellular immune system of the host.

For detection of HIV, e.g., using a variety of immunoassay techniques.

In yet a further diagnostic embodiment, the peptide of the present invention (individually, or as mixtures including cocktail preparations) are useful for the generation of HIV antigen specific antibodies (including monoclonal antibodies) that can be used to detect HIV or antigens, or neutralize HIV in samples including biological samples.

In an alternative diagnostic embodiment, the peptides of the present invention can be used to specifically stimulate HIV specific T-cells in biological samples from, for example, HIV-infected individuals.

The above disclosure generally describes the present invention. A more complete understanding can be obtained by reference to the following specific Examples. These Examples are described solely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes in form and substitution of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient. Although specific terms have been employed herein, such terms are intended in a descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitations.

EXAMPLES

Methods of peptide synthesis, enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and in-vitro syncytia-blocking assay (ref. 7) used by Dr. Thomas Matthews's group at Duke University (N.C., USA) that are not explicitly described in this disclosure are amply reported in the scientific literature and are well within the scope of those skilled in the art.

Example I

This Example illustrates the synthesis of linear peptides.

The peptides shown in Tables I, II, VI, VII, IX, X and XI below were synthesized according to the amino acid sequences reported for the various HIV-1 isolates identified therein using the ABI (Applied Biosystems Inc) 430A peptide synthesizer and optimized t-Boc chemistry as described by the manufacturer. The crude peptides were removed from the resin by treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF), and purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using a Vydac C4 semi-preparative column (1×30 cm) using a 15-55% acetonitrile gradient in 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) developed over 40 minutes at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. All synthetic peptides (Table I below) used in immunological testing and immunization studies were>95% pure as judged by analytical HPLC. Amino acid composition analyses performed on a Waters Pico-Tag system were in good agreement with the theoretical compositions.

Example II

This Example illustrates the synthesis of branched peptides.

The synthetic branched HIV-1 peptides (MAP) shown in FIG. 1 were prepared using an ABI 430A peptide synthesizer and syntheized according to the method previously described by Tam (ref. 8). The MAP peptides were purified by RP-HPLC as described for the linear peptides in Example I.

Example III

This Example describes the protocol used to test the immunogenicity of the HIV-1 chimeric peptides.

Five 6-12 week old Balb/c (H-2^(d)) mice or three 6-8 week old female Duncan Hartley guinea pigs purchased from Charles River animal farm, Montreal, Canada and Hazleton animal farm, Denver, Co., USA, respectively, were individually immunized with 100 μg of the given free peptide as follows. The animals received the given dose of the peptide emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) or adsorbed to 3 mg of aluminium phosphate (alum) by the subcutaneous route; this was followed with a booster-dose of the same amount of the same peptide emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA) or adsorbed to 3 mg of aluminium phosphate (alum) three weeks later. The mice were further boosted twice with the same amount of the same peptide prepared in the respective adjuvants at three week intervals. Sera of the experimental mice and guinea pigs collected on the 9th and 14th day post-boosting, respectively, were assayed for peptide-specific IgG antibodies using a standard enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (EIA), and assessed for syncytia-blocking activities.

Example IV

This Example illustrates the testing of anti-peptide antibodies using an Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA).

EIA for the detection of antibodies reactive with the V3 peptide of the different constructs was performed by coating EIA plates (Covalink, Nunc, Denmark) with the respective BE- containing V3 peptides as shown in Table 1 below and FIG. 1 at 1 μg per well according to the procedure described in reference 9. After 30 min. incubation at 4° C., the unbound peptides were removed by washing the plates three times with washing buffer phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.0, containing 0.025% Tween 20 (Bio-rad Laboratories, Richmond, Calif.)!. A three-fold dilution of each of the experimental serum samples starting at 1 in 50 then was made in PBS containing 0.05% skimmed milk, and 100 μl of the diluted serum then was added to each of the peptide-coated wells. Each dilution of the serum samples was assayed in duplicate. Binding of the V3 peptide-specific antibodies to the immobilized peptide was allowed to take place by incubating the plates for 1 hr at room temperature. The unbound antibodies were removed by washing the plates three times with washing buffer. One hundred microlitre of goat anti-mouse IgG antibody horse radish peroxidase conjugate (Jackson Lab.,) diluted 1 in 5,000 in washing buffer as recommended by the manufacturer, then were added to each test well to detect the specific binding of the anti-V3 peptide antibody to the target peptide. After one hr of incubation at room temperature, the unbound antibody-conjugate was removed by washing the plates four times with the washing buffer. The amount of bound conjugate was assayed by the addition of 100 μl of a mixture of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and hydrogen peroxide (1 part of TMB to 9 parts of hydrogen peroxide as recommended by the manufacturer, ADI Diagnostics Inc., Willowdale, Canada). Colour development was allowed to take place at room temperature in the dark for 10-15 min., and arrested by the addition of 100 μl of 1N sulphuric acid. The optical densities of the enzyme reactions were read on a Titertek Multi Skan Spectrophotometer (MCC/340 model) at 450 nm. Results are shown in Table III and are expressed as mean reciprocal reactive titres. The reciprocal titres for normal mouse sera, irrespective of the haplotypes, were always<50.

SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE

In summary of this disclosure, the present invention provides certain synthetic peptides comprising amino acid sequences comprising the T-cell epitopes of the HIV-1 gag protein and amino acid sequences corresponding to the V3 loop of the envelope protein including the GPGR sequence and/or the gp41 protein comprising the ELKDWA sequence, tetrameric forms of such peptides, capable of eliciting an immune response to HIV-1 infection and vaccine compositions comprising such tandem synthetic peptides. Modifications are possible within the scope of this invention.

                                      TABLE I                                      __________________________________________________________________________     HIV-1 Chimeric peptides described in this disclosure                           PEPTIDE  SEQUENCE*                   SEQ ID NO:                                __________________________________________________________________________     p24E     GPKEPFRDYVDRFYK              2                                        CLTB-36 (T-B)                                                                           GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                          3                                        CLTB-37 (B-T)                                                                           NKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK                                                                          4                                        CLTB-56 (B)                                                                             NKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN          5                                        CLTB-34 (T-B)                                                                           GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                            6                                        CLTB-35 (B-T)                                                                           RKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK                                                                            7                                        CLTB-55 (B)                                                                             RKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN            8                                        p24E-V3MN (T-B)                                                                         GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                              9                                        V3MN-p24E (B-T)                                                                         RIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK                                                                             10                                        V3MN (B) RIHIGPGRAFYTTKN             11                                        CLTB-28 (T-B)                                                                           GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKRKRIHIGPGRAF 12                                        CLTB-32 (B-T)                                                                           RKRIHIGPGRAFGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK 13                                        CLTB-29 (B)                                                                             RKRIHIGPGRAF                14                                        p24E-SP10 (A)                                                                           GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKCTRPNYNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTK                                                                    19                                        CLTB-91  KQIINMWQEVEKAMYANKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                        23                                        T1-SP10 (A) MN                                                                          KQIINMWQEVEKAMYACTRPNYNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTK                                                                   21                                        CLTB-84 (T-B)                                                                           GHKAVLAEMSVTNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                            29                                        __________________________________________________________________________      *V3 (MN) sequence used to construct each of the tandem epitopes in either      TB or BT orientation is printed in bold face.                            

                                      TABLE II                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Immunogenicity of HIV-1 peptide cocktail in guinea pigs                                                         Anti-peptide*                                 Peptide                          IgG titre                                                                               SEQ ID                               Cocktail                                                                             Sequence                   Freund's                                                                            Alum                                                                               NO:                                  __________________________________________________________________________     CLTB-70 +                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSIYIGPGRAFHTTGR                                                                        312,500                                                                             25,000                                                                             24                                   CLTB-72 +                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKRIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGK                                                                      312,500                                                                             25,000                                                                             25                                   CLTB-74 +                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSITKGPGRVIYATGQ                                                                        625,000                                                                             62,500                                                                             26                                   CLTB-76 +                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRQSTPIGLGQALYTTRG                                                                        625,000                                                                             12,500                                                                             27                                   p24E-GP41C                                                                           GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKSLIEESQNQQEKNEQELLELDKWAS                                                                  625,000                                                                             12,500                                                                             28                                   __________________________________________________________________________      *Guinea pigs were primed and boosted four times with the cocktail              formulated in FA or alum. Antisera were assayed against the individually       TB tandem epitopes used to make the cocktail. Results represented the mea      titre of three guinea pigs immunized with a cocktail of five different         HIV1 tandem epitopes formulated in either Freund's adjuvant or alum. The       cocktail consists of: CLTB70 (SEQ ID NO: 24), containing the V3 sequence       of SF2 linked to the Cterminus of: p24E; CLTB72 (SEQ ID NO: 25),               containing the V3 sequence of IIIB linked to the Cterminus of p24E; CLTB7      (SEQ ID NO: 26), containing the V3 sequence of RF linked to the Cterminus      of p24E; CLTB76 (SEQ ID NO: 27), containing the V3 sequence of Z6 linked       to the Cterminus of p24E and p24EGP41C (SEQ ID NO: 28), containing the         gp41 sequence of HIV1 (BRU) linked to the Cterminus of p24E.             

                  TABLE III                                                        ______________________________________                                         Immunogenicity of HIV-1 peptides                                                         Reciprocal V3 (MN) peptide-specific                                            antibody titre*                                                      Immunizing  Murine         Guinea Pig                                          Peptide     Freund's  Alum     Freund's                                                                               Alum                                    ______________________________________                                         CLTB-36 (T-B)                                                                              328,050   109,350  109,350 12,150                                  CLTB-37 (B-T)                                                                              12,150    1,250    12,150  450                                     CLTB-56 (B) 450       150      1,250   450                                     CLTB-34 (T-B)                                                                              109,350   12,150   109,350 12,150                                  CLTB-35 (B-T)                                                                              450       450      1,250   900                                     CLTB-55 (B) 50        50       450     150                                     p24E-V3MN (T-B)                                                                            36,450    1,250    36,450  2,700                                   V3MN-p24E (B-T)                                                                            450       450      1,250   900                                     V3MN (B)    <50       <50      150     150                                     CLTB-28 (T-B)                                                                              36,450    4,050    36,450  1,250                                   CLTB-32 (B-T)                                                                              150       150      12,150  450                                     CLTB-29 (B) <50       <50      50      50                                      p24E-SP10(A)                                                                               NC        24,300   2,700   2,700                                   CLTB-91     NC        145,800  58,600  8,100                                   CLTB-84                        108,000 48,600                                  T1SP10(A)-MN                                                                               300       100      900     300                                     ______________________________________                                          *Represented as the mean reciprocal antibody titre reactive against the        individual envelope BEcontaining V3 (MN) peptide of sera from five Balb/c      (H2d) and three Duncan Hartly Guinea Pigs immunized with the respective        peptide formulated in the adjuvant indicated.                                  NC = not completed.                                                      

                  TABLE IV                                                         ______________________________________                                         Immunogenicity of CLTB-36 in Cynomolgus Monkeys*                               Monkey Dose                CLTB-36-                                                                               Neutralizing                                Number (ug)    Adjuvant    specific Titre                                                                         Titre (MN)                                  ______________________________________                                         14039  200     ISA 51      25,600  278                                         14040  200     ISA 51      12,800  430                                         ______________________________________                                          *Monkeys were immunized intramuscularly with 200 ug of CLTB36 emulsified       in Montanide ISA 51 (Seppic) on days 0, 28 and 84. Sera collected two          weeks post second boost (i.e immunization on day 84) were assayed.       

                                      TABLE V                                      __________________________________________________________________________     EIA reactivites of anti-CLTB-34 and                                            anti-CLTB-36 antisera against V3 peptides                                                 SEQ    Titre                                                        V3 peptide ID     Anti-CLTB-34*                                                                           Anti-CLTB-36*                                       Sequence   NO:                                                                               Isolate                                                                            Murine                                                                              G.Pig                                                                              Murine                                                                              G.Pig                                          __________________________________________________________________________     RKRIHIGPGRAF                                                                              31 MN  4,050                                                                               4,050                                                                              4,050                                                                               4,050                                          TRSIHIGPGRAF                                                                              32 SC  1,350                                                                               4,050                                                                              4,050                                                                               4,050                                          RRRIHIGPGRAF                                                                              33 JH3 4,050                                                                               4,050                                                                              4,050                                                                               4,050                                          RKSIYIGPGRAF                                                                              34 SF2 1,350                                                                               450 1,350                                                                               450                                            KSIRIQRGPGRAFVTIG                                                                         35 LAI 450  4,050                                                                              450  4,050                                          RKRIRIQRGPGRAF                                                                            36 HXB2                                                                               150  1,350                                                                              150  1,350                                          RKSITKGPGRVIYAT                                                                           37 RF  50   50  50   50                                             __________________________________________________________________________      *Antisera were raised in Balb/c mice and guinea pigs by subcutaneous           injection of 100 ug of CLTB34 or CLTB36 adsorbed to 1.5 mg of aluminium        phosphate (alum). Results represented mean of four mouse and three guinea      pig serum samples post the fourth injection.                             

                                      TABLE VI                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                       Isolate Origin                                                                           SEQ                                Peptide                                                                              Sequence*                   of V3 sequence                                                                           ID NO:                             __________________________________________________________________________     CLTB-V3B                                                                             GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSIRIQRGPGRAFYTIG                                                                        LAI       38                                 CLTB-V3RF                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSITKGPGRVIYATGQIIG                                                                      RF        39                                 MN ----                                                                        CLTB-HB                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNKRKRIHIGPGRVIYATGQIIG                                                                      MN/RFhybrid                                                                              40                                 RF ---                                                                         CLTB-PRI                                                                             GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTG                                                                          Consensus of                                                                             41                                                                   New York and                                                                   Amsterdam                                    P24E-1714                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKRIHMGPGRAFYATGDIIG                                                                      U.S. clinical                                                                            42                                                                   isolate                                      P24E-FRE                                                                             GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSIHIGPGRAFYTTGEIIGC                                                                     Consensus of French                                                                      43                                 CLTB-BX08                                                                            GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKNTRKSIHIGPGRAFYATGEIIG                                                                      French primary                                                                           44                                 T1-PRI                                                                               KQIINMWQEVEKAMYANTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTG                                                                         Consensus of                                                                             45                                                                   New York and                                                                   Amsterdam                                    T1-2054                                                                              KQIINMWQEVEKAMYANTRKGIHIGPGRAFYTGEIVGDIRQ                                                                  U.S clinical                                                                             46                                                                   isolate                                      P24M-PRI                                                                             GHKARVLAEAMSQVTNTKRSIPIGPGRAFYTG                                                                           Consensus of                                                                             47                                                                   New York and                                                                   Amsterdam                                    __________________________________________________________________________      *The V3 sequence used for the construction of the individual tandem            epitope peptide is bolded whereas those of the Tcell epitopes,                 p24E(GPKEPFRDYVDRFYK  SEQ ID NO: 2), T1 (KQIINMWQEVEKAMYA  SEQ ID NO: 22)      and p24M (GHKARVLAEAMSQVT  SEQ ID NO: 77) are shown in plain letters.    

                                      TABLE VII                                    __________________________________________________________________________     Peptide                                                                              Sequence*                SEQ ID NO:                                      __________________________________________________________________________     CLTB-92                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKEQELLELDKWASLWNWFDIT                                                                     54                                              CLTB-92A                                                                             EQELLELDKWASLWNWFDIT     55                                              CLTB-93                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKELLELDKWASLWNWFDIT                                                                       56                                              CLTB-94                                                                              ELLELDKWASLWNWFDIT       57                                              CLTB-95                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKELDKWASLWNWFDIT                                                                          58                                              CLTB-96                                                                              ELDKWASLWNWFDIT          59                                              CLTB-97                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKEQELLELDKWASLWNWF                                                                        60                                              CLTB-97A                                                                             EQELLELDKWASLWNWF        61                                              LTB-98                                                                               GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKELLELDKWASLWNWF                                                                          62                                              CLTB-99                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKELDKWASLWNWF                                                                             63                                              CLTB-100                                                                             GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKEQELLELDKWA                                                                              64                                              CLTB-101                                                                             GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKELLELDKWA 65                                              T1-KAT1                                                                              KQIINMWQEVEKAMYAEQELLELDKWASLWNWF                                                                       66                                              T1-KAT2                                                                              KQIINMWQEVEKAMYAELDKWAS  67                                              T1-KAT3                                                                              KQIINMWQEVEKAMYAGPGELLELDKWASL                                                                          68                                              __________________________________________________________________________      *gp41 sequence containing Katinger's neutralization epitope (ELDKWA  SEQ       ID NO: 69) used for the construction of the respective tandem epitope          peptide is bolded whereas the Tcell epitopes, p24E (GPKEPFRDYVDRFYK  SEQ       ID NO: 2) and T1 (KQIINMWQEVEKAMYA  SEQ ID NO: 22) are shown in plain          letters.                                                                 

                  TABLE VIII                                                       ______________________________________                                         Reactivity of human monoclonal antibody 2F5 against HIV-1                      peptides containing the gp41 neutralization epitope                            Peptide*          Absorbance (450 nm)#                                         ______________________________________                                         CLTB-106 (negative control)                                                                      0.07                                                         CLTB-92           0.63                                                         CLTB-92A          0.22                                                         CLTB-93           0.51                                                         CLTB-94           0.34                                                         CLTB-95           0.25                                                         CLTB-96           0.14                                                         CLTB-97           0.54                                                         CLTB-98           0.58                                                         CLTB-99           0.32                                                         CLTB-100          0.61                                                         CLTB-101          0.48                                                         CLTB-102          0.65                                                         CLTB-103          0.71                                                         CLTB-105          0.65                                                         CLTB-107          0.55                                                         MPK-1             0.77                                                         MPK-2             0.72                                                         MPK-3             0.76                                                         T1-KAT 1          0.54                                                         T1-KAT 2          0.62                                                         T1-KAT 3          0.77                                                         ______________________________________                                          *The sequences of the peptides are shown in Tables IV, VI and VIII. Each       individual peptide was coated at 1 μg per well of an ELISA plate. Huma      neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 2F5, was used at 40 ng per well in the       ELISA protocol described in this disclosure.                                   #Absorbance readings twice above that of the negative control (0.07) were      considered as positive.                                                  

                                      TABLE IX                                     __________________________________________________________________________                                   Isolate Origin                                                                           SEQ                                    Peptide                                                                             Sequence*                of V3 sequence                                                                           ID NO:                                 __________________________________________________________________________     (P24N)                                                                              QMREPRGSDIAGTTSTL                  70                                     CLTB-82                                                                              ##STR1##                MN        71                                     CLTB-85                                                                             NKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNQMREPRGSDIAGTTSTL                                                                    MN        72                                     (P24L)                                                                              EEMMTACQGVGGPGHK                   73                                     CLTB-83                                                                             EEMMTACQGVGGPGHKNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                     MN        74                                     CLTB-87                                                                             NKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNEEMMTACQGVGGPGHK                                                                     MN        75                                     (P24M)                                                                              GHKARVLAEAMSQVT                    76                                     CLTB-84                                                                             GHKARVLAEAMSQVTNKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKN                                                                      MN        77                                     CLTB-89                                                                             NKRKRIHIGPGRAFYTTKNGHKARVLAEAMSQVT                                                                      MN        78                                     P24H PIVQNIQGQMVHQAI                    79                                     CLTB-156                                                                             ##STR2##                Consensus of New                                                                         80                                                                   York and Amsterdam                               CLTB-157                                                                            NTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGPIVQNIQGQMVHQAI                                                                       Consensus of New                                                                         81                                                                   York and Amsterdam                               T5   YKYKVVKIEPLGVAP                    82                                     CLTB-158                                                                            YKYKVVKIEPLGVAPNTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTG                                                                       Consensus of New                                                                         83                                                                   York and Amsterdam                               CLTB-159                                                                            NTRKSIPIGPGRAFYTTGYKYKVVKIEPLGVAP                                                                       Consensus of New                                                                         84                                                                   York and Amsterdam                               __________________________________________________________________________      *The V3 sequence used for the construction of the respective tandem            epitope peptide is bolded whereas the Tcell epitope is shown in plain          letters.                                                                 

                                      TABLE X                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Peptide                                                                              Sequence*                                 SEQ ID NO:                     __________________________________________________________________________     CLTB-102                                                                              ##STR3##                                 85                             CLTB-103                                                                              ##STR4##                                 86                             CLTB-105                                                                              ##STR5##                                 87                             CLTB-107                                                                              ##STR6##                                 88                             T1-KAT4                                                                               ##STR7##                                 89                             P24E-KAT4                                                                             ##STR8##                                 90                             CLTB-160                                                                              ##STR9##                                 91                             CLTB-161                                                                              ##STR10##                                92                             __________________________________________________________________________      *The different V3 sequences incorporated into the respective construct ar      bolded. The isolate origin of the V3 sequences are indicated. For              constructs, CLTB160 and CLTB161, LIP denotes a consensus for the London,       India and Paris isolates; THAI denotes V3 of a Thailand HIV1 virus; and        NYA denotes a consensus of the primary isolates found in New York and          Amsterdam. The Tcell epitope, p24E and T1 are shown in plain letters.    

                                      TABLE XI                                     __________________________________________________________________________     Peptide                                                                            Sequence*                             SEQ ID NO:                           __________________________________________________________________________     MPK-1                                                                               ##STR11##                            94                                   MPK-2                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKGPGELDKWASGPGKQIINMWQEVEKAMYA                                                                         95                                   MPK-3                                                                              KQIINMWQEVEKAMYAGPGELDKWASGPGELDKWASGPGGPKEPFRDYVDRFYK                                                               96                                   MPK-4                                                                              GPKEPFRDYVDRFYKGPGELDKWASGPGELDKWASGPGKQIINMWQEVEKAMYA                                                               97                                   __________________________________________________________________________      *The gp41 sequence used for the construction of the respective peptide is      bolded whereas the Tcell epitopes, p24E and T1 are shown in plain letters      The linker sequence GPG is italisized.                                   

                  TABLE XII                                                        ______________________________________                                         Functional activity of Murine and Guinea pig antisera                          raised against HIV-1 (MN) peptides                                                      Reciprocal syncytia-blocking titre a)                                          Mouse            Guinea pig                                           Antisera   Freund's Alum      Freund's                                                                              Alum                                      ______________________________________                                         CLTB-36     10       60        90     40                                       CLTB-37    <10      <10        10     10                                       CLTB-56    <10      <10        10    <10                                       CLTB-34     10      <10        20     40                                       CLTB-35    <10      <10        10    <10                                       CLTB-55    <10      <10       <10    <10                                       p24E-V3MN   80       10        90    <10                                       V3MN-p24E  <10      <10       <10    <10                                       V3MN       <10      <10       <10    <10                                       CLTB-28    <10      <10        90    <10                                       CLTB-32    <10      <10       <10    <10                                       CLTB-29    <10      <10       <10    <10                                       ______________________________________                                          a) The titres were based on >90% inhibition of syncytia formation induced      by the homologous HIV1 (MN) virus.                                       

                  TABLE XIII                                                       ______________________________________                                         Immunogenicity of branched HIV-1 peptides                                              Reciprocal V3 (MN) peptide-specific antibody titre a)                  Immunizing                                                                               Mouse           Guinea Pig                                           Peptide   Freund's    Alum    Freund's Alum                                    ______________________________________                                         CLTB-36 (MAP)                                                                            12,150     12,150   24,300   12,150                                  CLTB-34 (MAP)                                                                            NC         NC       12,150   12,150                                  CLTB-91 (MAP)                                                                            NC         NC       24,300    8,100                                  p24E-V3MN NC         NC       24,300   NC                                      (MAP)                                                                          VP-TB (MAP)                                                                              NC         NC        2,700    2,700                                  ______________________________________                                          a) Results are expressed as mean reciprocal reactive titres against the        respective BEcontaining peptide (depicted in FIG. 1). Three guinea pigs        and five mice were used for each determination.                                NC: Not completed                                                        

                  TABLE XIV                                                        ______________________________________                                         Functional activity of antisera raised against branched peptides                          Reciprocal syncytia-blocking titre a)                               Immunizing   Murine            Guinea Pig                                      Peptide      Freund's Alum     Freund's                                                                              Alum                                     ______________________________________                                         CLTB-36 (MAP)                                                                               >10      >10      10     35                                       CLTB-34 (MAP)                                                                               NC       NC       20     40                                       VP-TB (MAP)  NC       NC       10     10                                       ______________________________________                                          a) Titres were based on >90% inhibition of syncytia formation induced by       the MN isolate.                                                                NC: Not completed                                                        

REFERENCES

1. Spalding, B. J. Biotechnology 10: 24-29, 1992

2. Papsidero, L. P., Sheu, M. and Ruscetti, F. W. J. Virol. 63: 267-272, 1988

3. Sarin, P. S., Sun, D. K., Thornton, A. H. Naylor, P. H. and Goldstein, A. L. Science 232: 1135-1137, 1986

4. Palker, T. J. et al., J. of Immunol. 142: 3612-3619, 1989.

5. Gorny, M. K., Xu, J-Y., Gianakakos, V., Karkowska, S., Williams, C., Sheppard, H. W., Hanson, C. V. and Zolla-Pasner, S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 88: 3238-3242, 1991

6. Buchacher, A. et al, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 10: 359-369, 1994.

7. Skinner, M. A., Langlois, A. J., Mcdanal, C. B., McDougal, J. S., Bolognesi, D. and Matthews, T. J. J. Virol. 62: 4195-4200, 1988

8. Tam, J. P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA. 85: 5409-5413, 1988

9. Sondergard-Andersen, J. et al. Journal of Immunological Methods 131: 99-104, 1990

10. O'Hagan (1992), Clin. Pharmokinet 22:1

11. Ulmer et al (1993), Curr. Opinion Invest. Drugs 2(9): 983-989

12. Muster et al, (1993), J. of Virology, No. 1993, pp. 6642-6647.

    __________________________________________________________________________     SEQUENCE LISTING                                                               (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                                       (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 101                                                 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 4 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:                                        GlyProGlyArg                                                                   (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:                                        GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLys                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:                                        GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         LysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         LysAsn                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:                                        AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrLysAsnGlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPhe                               202530                                                                         TyrLys                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 19 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:                                        AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrLysAsn                                                                      (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 32 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:                                        GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysArg                               151015                                                                         LysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysAsn                               202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 32 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:                                        ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                               151015                                                                         AsnGlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLys                               202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:                                        ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                               151015                                                                         Asn                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:                                               (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:                                        ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                               151015                                                                         Asn                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 30 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:                                       ArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysAsnGly                               151015                                                                         ProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLys                                     202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:                                       ArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysAsn                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysArg                               151015                                                                         LysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:                                       ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheGlyProLysGlu                               151015                                                                         ProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLys                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:                                       ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyr                               202530                                                                         ThrThrLysAsn                                                                   35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:                                       AsnThrArgLysSerIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         TyrThrThrLysAsn                                                                20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 10 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:                                       AsnThrArgLysSerIleArgIleGlnArg                                                 1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 11 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:                                       GlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysAsn                                              1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 39 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysCys                               151015                                                                         ThrArgProAsnTyrAsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGly                               202530                                                                         ArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                                                          35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 24 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20:                                       CysThrArgProAsnTyrAsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyPro                               151015                                                                         GlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                                                       20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 40 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21:                                       LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         CysThrArgProAsnTyrAsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyPro                               202530                                                                         GlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                                                       3540                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22:                                       LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 35 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23:                                       LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               202530                                                                         ThrLysAsn                                                                      35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleTyrIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheHisThrThr                               202530                                                                         GlyArg                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysArgIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPheVal                               202530                                                                         ThrIleGlyLys                                                                   35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleThrLysGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAlaThr                               202530                                                                         GlyGln                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgGlnSerThrProIleGlyLeuGlyGlnAlaLeuTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         ArgGly                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 40 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28:                                       GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysSer                               151015                                                                         LeuIleGluGluSerGlnAsnGlnGlnGluLysAsnGluGlnGluLeu                               202530                                                                         LeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSer                                                       3540                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 29:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 31 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 29:                                      GlyHisLysAlaValLeuAlaGluMetSerValThrAsnLysArgLys                               151015                                                                         ArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysAsn                                  202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 30:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 30:                                      GlyHisLysAlaArgValLeuAlaGluMetSerGlnValThr                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 31:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 31:                                      ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 32:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 32:                                      ThrArgSerIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 33:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 33:                                      ArgArgArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 34:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 12 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 34:                                      ArgLysSerIleTyrIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                           1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 35:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 35:                                      LysSerIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPheValThrIle                               151015                                                                         Gly                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 36:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 14 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 36:                                      ArgLysArgIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                                     1510                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 37:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 37:                                      ArgLysSerIleThrLysGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAlaThr                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 38:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 35 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 38:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyr                               202530                                                                         ThrIleGly                                                                      35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 39:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 37 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 39:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleThrLysGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAlaThr                               202530                                                                         GlyGlnIleIleGly                                                                35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 40:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 37 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 40:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         LysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAlaThr                               202530                                                                         GlyGlnIleIleGly                                                                35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 41:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 41:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         Gly                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 42:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 37 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 42:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysArgIleHisMetGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrAlaThr                               202530                                                                         GlyAspIleIleGly                                                                35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 43:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 38 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 43:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         GlyGluIleIleGlyCys                                                             35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 44:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 37 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 44:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrAlaThr                               202530                                                                         GlyGluIleIleGly                                                                35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 45:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 45:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         AsnThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               202530                                                                         ThrGly                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 46:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 41 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 46:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         AsnThrArgLysGlyIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               202530                                                                         GlyGluIleValGlyAspIleArgGln                                                    3540                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 47:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 32 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 47:                                      GlyHisLysAlaArgValLeuAlaGluAlaMetSerGlnValThrAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrLysArgSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrGly                               202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 48:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 48:                                      AsnThrArgLysArgIleHisMetGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrAla                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyAspIleIleGly                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 49:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 25 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 49:                                      AsnThrArgLysGlyIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         GlyGluIleValGlyAspIleArgGln                                                    2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 50:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 50:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrGly                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 51:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 51:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         TyrThrIleGly                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 52:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 52:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleThrLysGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAla                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyGlnIleIleGly                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 53:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 53:                                      AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAla                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyGlnIleIleGly                                                             20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 54:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 35 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 54:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         GlnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPhe                               202530                                                                         AspIleThr                                                                      35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 55:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 55:                                      GluGlnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrp                               151015                                                                         PheAspIleThr                                                                   20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 56:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 56:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         LeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPheAspIle                               202530                                                                         Thr                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 57:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 18 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 57:                                      GluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPheAsp                               151015                                                                         IleThr                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 58:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 30 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 58:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         LeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPheAspIleThr                                     202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 59:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 59:                                      GluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPheAspIleThr                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 60:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 32 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 60:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         GlnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPhe                               202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 61:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 61:                                      GluGlnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrp                               151015                                                                         Phe                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 62:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 30 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 62:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         LeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPhe                                     202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 63:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 27 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 63:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         LeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPhe                                              2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 64:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 26 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 64:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         GlnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAla                                                 2025                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 65:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 24 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 65:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         LeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAla                                                       20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 66:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 66:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         GluGlnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrp                               202530                                                                         Phe                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 67:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 23 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 67:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         GluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSer                                                          20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 68:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 30 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 68:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         GlyProGlyGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeu                                     202530                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 69:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 6 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 69:                                      GluLeuAspLysTrpAla                                                             15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 70:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 70:                                      GlnMetArgGluProArgGlySerAspIleAlaGlyThrThrSerThr                               151015                                                                         Leu                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 71:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 71:                                      GlnMetArgGluProArgGlySerAspIleAlaGlyThrThrSerThr                               151015                                                                         LeuAsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyr                               202530                                                                         ThrThrLysAsn                                                                   35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 72:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 72:                                      AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrLysAsnGlnMetArgGluProArgGlySerAspIleAlaGlyThr                               202530                                                                         ThrSerThrLeu                                                                   35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 73:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 16 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 73:                                      GluGluMetMetThrAlaCysGlnGlyValGlyGlyProGlyHisLys                               151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 74:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 35 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 74:                                      GluGluMetMetThrAlaCysGlnGlyValGlyGlyProGlyHisLys                               151015                                                                         AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               202530                                                                         ThrLysAsn                                                                      35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 75:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 35 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 75:                                      AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrLysAsnGluGluMetMetThrAlaCysGlnGlyValGlyGlyPro                               202530                                                                         GlyHisLys                                                                      35                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 76:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 76:                                      GlyHisLysAlaArgValLeuAlaGluAlaMetSerGlnValThr                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 77:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 77:                                      GlyHisLysAlaArgValLeuAlaGluAlaMetSerGlnValThrAsn                               151015                                                                         LysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         LysAsn                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 78:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 34 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 78:                                      AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrLysAsnGlyHisLysAlaArgValLeuAlaGluAlaMetSerGln                               202530                                                                         ValThr                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 79:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 79:                                      ProIleValGlnAsnIleGlnGlyGlnMetValHisGlnAlaIle                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 80:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 80:                                      ProIleValGlnAsnIleGlnGlyGlnMetValHisGlnAlaIleAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         Gly                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 81:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 81:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyProIleValGlnAsnIleGlnGlyGlnMetValHisGlnAla                               202530                                                                         Ile                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 82:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 82:                                      TyrLysTyrLysValValLysIleGluProLeuGlyValAlaPro                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 83:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 83:                                      TyrLysTyrLysValValLysIleGluProLeuGlyValAlaProAsn                               151015                                                                         ThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         Gly                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 84:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 33 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 84:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyTyrLysTyrLysValValLysIleGluProLeuGlyValAla                               202530                                                                         Pro                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 85:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 49 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 85:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGlu                               151015                                                                         LeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPheAsnLys                               202530                                                                         ArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLys                               354045                                                                         Asn                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 86:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 49 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 86:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysAsn                               151015                                                                         LysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         LysAsnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrp                               354045                                                                         Phe                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 87:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 49 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 87:                                      GluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPheAsn                               151015                                                                         LysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThr                               202530                                                                         LysAsnGlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyr                               354045                                                                         Lys                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 88:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 49 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 88:                                      AsnLysArgLysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThr                               151015                                                                         ThrLysAsnGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsn                               202530                                                                         TrpPheGlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyr                               354045                                                                         Lys                                                                            (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 89:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 45 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 89:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         LysArgIleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysGly                               202530                                                                         ProGlyGluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeu                                        354045                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 90:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 43 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 90:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysArg                               151015                                                                         IleHisIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrLysGlyProGly                               202530                                                                         GluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeu                                              3540                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 91:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 63 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 91:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysLys                               151015                                                                         SerIleHisIleGlyProGlyLysThrLeuTyrAlaThrGlyProGly                               202530                                                                         SerIleThrIleGlyProGlyGlnValPheTyrArgGlyProGlyArg                               354045                                                                         LysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrGly                                  505560                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 92:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 64 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 92:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         LysSerIleHisIleGlyProGlyLysThrLeuTyrAlaThrGlyPro                               202530                                                                         GlySerIleThrIleGlyProGlyGlnValPheTyrArgGlyProGly                               354045                                                                         ArgLysSerIleProIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheTyrThrThrGly                               505560                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 93:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 15 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 93:                                      GluLeuLeuGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerLeuTrpAsnTrpPhe                                  151015                                                                         (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 94:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 44 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 94:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         GlyProGlyGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerGlyProGlyGlyProLys                               202530                                                                         GluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLys                                           3540                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 95:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 44 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 95:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGly                               151015                                                                         ProGlyGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerGlyProGlyLysGlnIleIle                               202530                                                                         AsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                                           3540                                                                           (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 96:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 54 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 96:                                      LysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluValGluLysAlaMetTyrAla                               151015                                                                         GlyProGlyGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerGlyProGlyGluLeuAsp                               202530                                                                         LysTrpAlaSerGlyProGlyGlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyr                               354045                                                                         ValAspArgPheTyrLys                                                             50                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 97:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 54 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 97:                                      GlyProLysGluProPheArgAspTyrValAspArgPheTyrLysGly                               151015                                                                         ProGlyGluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSerGlyProGlyGluLeuAspLys                               202530                                                                         TrpAlaSerGlyProGlyLysGlnIleIleAsnMetTrpGlnGluVal                               354045                                                                         GluLysAlaMetTyrAla                                                             50                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 98:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino acids                                                      (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: 98:                                      GluLeuAspLysTrpAlaSer                                                          15                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:99:                                              (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 24 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:99:                                       AsnThrArgLysSerIleArgIleGlnArgGlyProGlyArgAlaPhe                               151015                                                                         ValThrIleGlyLysIleGlyCys                                                       20                                                                             (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:100:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 19 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:100:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleTyrIleGlyProGlyArgAlaPheHisThr                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyArg                                                                      (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:101:                                             (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 19 amino acids                                                     (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                           (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:101:                                      AsnThrArgLysSerIleThrLysGlyProGlyArgValIleTyrAla                               151015                                                                         ThrGlyGln                                                                      __________________________________________________________________________ 

What we claim is:
 1. A synthetic peptide, which comprises at least one amino acid sequence which contains a T-cell epitope of the gag protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate linked at the C-terminal end thereof to at least two amino acid sequences which contain a B-cell epitope, said amino acid sequences each comprising a V3 loop sequence from a different HIV-1 isolate or HIV-isolate consensus sequences.
 2. A synthetic peptide having at least one amino acid sequence which contains a T-cell epitope of the gag protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolate linked at the C-terminal end thereof to at least two amino acid sequences which contain a B-cell epitope, said amino acid sequences each containing a V3 loop consensus sequence from a different HIV-1 isolate or HIV-isolate consensus sequence, wherein an amino acid sequence containing a B-cell epitope from another V3 loop sequence of an HIV-1 isolate or another HIV-1 isolate consensus sequence is linked to said at least two amino acid sequences.
 3. The synthetic peptide of claim 2 which is CTLB-160 (SEQ ID NO:91) or CTLB-161 (SEQ ID NO:92).
 4. An immunogenic composition, comprising a plurality of synthetic peptides, each said synthetic peptide comprising a T-cell epitope of a protein of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) linked at the C-terminal end thereof to at least one amino acid sequence comprising a B-cell epitope of a protein of an HIV, wherein said plurality of synthetic peptides is selected to provide an immune response to a plurality of immunologically-distinct HIV-1 isolates and is further selected to provide said immune response in a plurality of hosts differentially responsive to T-cell epitopes.
 5. The immunogenic composition of claim 4 wherein said plurality of synthetic peptides comprises a mixture of CTLB-36 (SEQ ID NO:3) and/or CTLB-84 (SEQ ID NO:77), CTLB-91 (SEQ ID NO:23) and CTLB-70 (SEQ ID NO:74).
 6. The immunogenic composition of claim 5 wherein said plurality of synthetic peptides further comprises peptide MPK-2 (SEQ ID NO:95). 